Under Arrêt Kalfelis (1988), a matter of delict is best described as what?

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Delict is the civil-law category for wrongs that arise independently of any contract, with liability grounded in fault. Arrêt Kalfelis (1988) clarifies that this area concerns holding a defendant liable for non-contractual fault—someone’s negligent or intentional act that causes harm—rather than enforcing a breach of contract or dealing with criminal liability. For example, if someone’s negligent conduct causes injury to another, the injured party can seek damages under delict, based on fault and causation, not on a contract.

The other options don’t fit because a contract claim arises from an agreement and its breach, rather than from a non-contractual wrong. A matter related to property transactions is about property law, not the general rule of civil liability for fault. And criminal liability is a separate realm of law, involving punishment by the state, whereas delict deals with civil compensation for harm caused by fault.