Arrêt Garcia Avello (2003) highlights that the principle of recognition is in full bloom. Which option best captures this EU concept?

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Mutual recognition is the idea that a status or document valid in one EU country must be accepted as valid in all others, without re-examining the facts. In Garcia Avello, the Court applied this to civil-status matters, showing that cross-border recognition of a child’s surname must be automatic. The Belgian authorities could not impose their own surname rules on a child born in Belgium to a Spanish family; the Court held that recognizing the Spanish double-surname approach across Member States is necessary to ensure free movement and equal treatment. This case illustrates recognition in its strongest form: once a status is recognized somewhere in the EU, it is recognized throughout, without burdensome re-litigation. The other options don’t capture this cross-border, automatic acceptance aspect.